ALEXANDER the GREAT as HERCULES Macedonia Koinon Greek Roman 200AD Coin i48801

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Item: i48801 Authentic Ancient Coin of: Alexander III the Great : Macedonian Greek King: 336-323 B.C. Pseudo-Autonomous Issue under the Romans Bronze 24mm (8.36 grams) from the Koinon of Macedonia in Thrace Struck circa 200-300 A.D. Reference: Cf. SNG Copenhagen 1367-8 Pedigree: Ex-BCD Collection with his original hand-written tag AΛЄΞANΔPOV, Head of Alexander the Great right as Hercules wearing lion-skin headdress. KOINON MAKЄΔONΩN NEΩKO, Two Agonistic (Olympic-style athletic games) prize-urns on top of a three dimensional prize table. * Numismatic Note: Amazing coin being issued over 500 years after the death of Alexander the Great, featuring his portrait. Alexander the Great was and still is a great hero of antiquity showing the amazing effect one man can have on history in just short while of just 13 years! Macedonia was a province under the control of the Romans, which was created out of the kingdom of Macedonia which Alexander the Great was king of. Interesting to note that this being a pseudo-autonomous issue featuring Alexander the Great instead of the Roman emperor of the time. This coin also celebrates the neocorate status of the province, meaning they were important to the imperial cult of the emperor. The Agonistic games were Olympic-type athletic contests that were held in the ancient world, one for every year, the most famous games being the Olympic held at Olympia. Koinon (Greek: Κοινόν, pl. Κοινά, Koina), meaning “common” and interpreted as “commonwealth”, “league” or “federation” were a number of associations of cities in ancient and early modern Greek history. You are bidding on the exact item pictured, provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime Guarantee of Authenticity. Panhellenic Games is the collective term for four separate sports festivals held in ancient Greece . The four Games were: Games God Honored Location Prize Frequency Olympic Games Zeus Olympia , Elis Olive wreath (Kotinos) Every 4 years Pythian Games Apollo Delphi Laurel wreath Every 4 years (2 years after the Olympic Games ) Nemean Games Zeus , Heracles Nemea , Corinthia Wild celery Every 2 years (2nd and 4th year of Olympiads) Isthmian Games Poseidon Isthmia , Sicyon Pine Every 2 years Description The Olympiad was one of the ways the Greeks measured time. The Olympic Games were used as a starting point, year one of the cycle; the Nemean and Isthmian Games were both held (in different months) in year two, followed by the Pythian Games in year three, and then the Nemean and Isthmian Games again in year four. The cycle then repeated itself with the Olympic Games. They were structured this way so that individual athletes could participate in all of the games. (But note that the dial on the Antikythera mechanism – – seems to show that the Nemean and Isthmian Games did not occur in the same years.) Participants could come from all over the Greek world, including the various Greek colonies from Asia Minor to Spain . However, participants probably had to be fairly wealthy in order to pay for training, transportation, lodging, and other expenses. Neither women nor non-Greeks were allowed to participate, except for very occasional later exceptions, such as the Roman emperor Nero. The main events at each of the games were chariot racing , wrestling , boxing , pankration , stadion and various other foot races, and the pentathlon (made up of wrestling, stadion, long jump , javelin throw , and discus throw ). Except for the chariot race, all the events were performed nude. The Olympic Games were the oldest of the four, said to have begun in 776 BCE. It is more likely though that they were founded sometime in the late 7th century BCE. The Pythian, Nemean and Isthmian games most likely began sometime in the first or second quarter of the 6th century BCE. The Isthmian games were held at the temple to Poseidon on the Isthmus of Corinth . The games are also known as the stephanitic games, because winners received only a garland for victory. (Stephanitic derives from stephanos the Attic Greek word for crown.) No financial or material prizes were awarded, unlike at other Ancient Greek athletic or artistic contests, such as the Panathenaic Games , at which winners were awarded many amphorae of first-class Athenian olive-oil. The Olympic games awarded a garland of olives ; the Pythian games, a garland of laurel , i.e. bay leaves ; the Nemean games, a crown of wild celery , and the Isthmian, a garland of pine leaves in the archaic period , one of dried celery in the Classical and Hellenistic periods, and again one of pine from then on. Though victors received no material awards at the games, they were often showered with gifts and honors on returning to their polis . See also Panathenaic Games Agonothetes Theorodokoi Theoroi Hercules is the Roman name for the Greek divine hero Heracles , who was the son of Zeus (Roman equivalent Jupiter ) and the mortal Alcmene . In classical mythology , Hercules is famous for his strength and for his numerous far-ranging adventures. The Romans adapted the Greek hero’s iconography and myths for their literature and art under the name Hercules. In later Western art and literature and in popular culture , Hercules is more commonly used than Heracles as the name of the hero. Hercules was a multifaceted figure with contradictory characteristics, which enabled later artists and writers to pick and choose how to represent him. This article provides an introduction to representations of Hercules in the later tradition . Labors of Hercules Hercules is known for his many adventures, which took him to the far reaches of the Greco-Roman world . One cycle of these adventures became canonical as the “Twelve Labours,” but the list has variations. One traditional order of the labours is found in the Bibliotheca as follows: Slay the Nemean Lion . Slay the nine-headed Lernaean Hydra . Capture the Golden Hind of Artemis . Capture the Erymanthian Boar . Clean the Augean stables in a single day. Slay the Stymphalian Birds . Capture the Cretan Bull . Steal the Mares of Diomedes . Obtain the girdle of Hippolyta , Queen of the Amazons . Obtain the cattle of the monster Geryon . Steal the apples of the Hesperides . Capture and bring back Cerberus . The Latin name Hercules was borrowed through Etruscan , where it is represented variously as Heracle , Hercle, and other forms. Hercules was a favorite subject for Etruscan art , and appears often on bronze mirrors . The Etruscan form Herceler derives from the Greek Heracles via syncope . A mild oath invoking Hercules (Hercule! or Mehercle!) was a common interjection in Classical Latin . Baby Hercules strangling a snake sent to kill him in his cradle (Roman marble, 2nd century CE) Hercules had a number of myths that were distinctly Roman. One of these is Hercules’ defeat of Cacus , who was terrorizing the countryside of Rome. The hero was associated with the Aventine Hill through his son Aventinus . Mark Antony considered him a personal patron god, as did the emperor Commodus . Hercules received various forms of religious veneration , including as a deity concerned with children and childbirth , in part because of myths about his precocious infancy, and in part because he fathered countless children. Roman brides wore a special belt tied with the “knot of Hercules”, which was supposed to be hard to untie. The comic playwright Plautus presents the myth of Hercules’ conception as a sex comedy in his play Amphitryon ; Seneca wrote the tragedy Hercules Furens about his bout with madness. During the Roman Imperial era , Hercules was worshipped locally from Hispania through Gaul. Medieval mythography After the Roman Empire became Christianized , mythological narratives were often reinterpreted as allegory , influenced by the philosophy of late antiquity . In the 4th century, Servius had described Hercules’ return from the underworld as representing his ability to overcome earthly desires and vices, or the earth itself as a consumer of bodies. In medieval mythography, Hercules was one of the heroes seen as a strong role model who demonstrated both valor and wisdom, with the monsters he battles as moral obstacles. One glossator noted that when Hercules became a constellation , he showed that strength was necessary to gain entrance to Heaven. Medieval mythography was written almost entirely in Latin, and original Greek texts were little used as sources for Hercules’ myths. Renaissance mythography The Renaissance and the invention of the printing press brought a renewed interest in and publication of Greek literature. Renaissance mythography drew more extensively on the Greek tradition of Heracles, typically under the Romanized name Hercules, or the alternate name Alcides . In a chapter of his book Mythologiae (1567), the influential mythographer Natale Conti collected and summarized an extensive range of myths concerning the birth, adventures, and death of the hero under his Roman name Hercules. Conti begins his lengthy chapter on Hercules with an overview description that continues the moralizing impulse of the Middle Ages: Hercules, who subdued and destroyed monsters, bandits, and criminals, was justly famous and renowned for his great courage. His great and glorious reputation was worldwide, and so firmly entrenched that he’ll always be remembered. In fact the ancients honored him with his own temples, altars, ceremonies, and priests. But it was his wisdom and great soul that earned those honors; noble blood, physical strength, and political power just aren’t good enough. Neocorate Status of a City, an Honor Bestowed by the Emperor – Neocorus is the Greek name for the person that was in charge of taking care of a temple. The Roman had many Greek cities under their control and taxation. So what these cities had was a cult of worship of the emperor and the empire, so this name was then given to the specific cities that maintained this cult worship. Getting this status, was meant to show allegiance to the emperor and the empire. The cities has to earn the status from the emperor to bestow it upon them. There may have been additional benefits associated with this status also. The cities were very honored to announce the status on their coins, bearing the Greek NEΩKOPΩN on them. There were many times that neocorate status was award many times, so subsequent statuses would be signaled with various Greek letters, preceding the NEΩKOPΩN inscription such as B,Δ,Γ. A city which got this status, would have agonistic, or (Olympic-type) athletic contest type games and festivals. So there are many coins that depict agonistic imagery on them struck in honor of these events. Not many people in ancient numismatics understand or know about the significance of these honors bestowed on a city. This furnishes a great record for study to unravel the mysteries of the ancient past and a connection between the government of the city and the various gods and goddesses depicted on them. Alexander III of Macedon, popularly known to history as Alexander the Great, (“Mégas Aléxandros”) was an Ancient Greek king (basileus) of Macedon . Born in 356 BC, Alexander succeeded his father Philip II of Macedon to the throne in 336 BC, and died in Bablyon in 323 BC at the age of 32. Alexander was one of the most successful military commanders of all time and it is presumed that he was undefeated in battle. By the time of his death, he had conquered the Achaemenid Persian Empire , adding it to Macedon’s European territories; according to some modern writers, this was much of the world then known to the ancient Greeks (the ‘Ecumene’). His father, Philip, had unified most of the city-states of mainland Greece under Macedonian hegemony in the League of Corinth . As well as inheriting hegemony over the Greeks, Alexander also inherited the Greeks’ long-running feud with the Achaemenid Empire of Persia . After reconfirming Macedonian rule by quashing a rebellion of southern Greek city-states, Alexander launched a short but successful campaign against Macedon’s northern neighbours. He was then able to turn his attention towards the east and the Persians. In a series of campaigns lasting 10 years, Alexander’s armies repeatedly defeated the Persians in battle, in the process conquering the entirety of the Empire. He then, following his desire to reach the ‘ends of the world and the Great Outer Sea’, invaded India, but was eventually forced to turn back by the near-mutiny of his troops. Alexander died after twelve years of constant military campaigning, possibly a result of malaria , poisoning , typhoid fever , viral encephalitis or the consequences of alcoholism. His legacy and conquests lived on long after him and ushered in centuries of Greek settlement and cultural influence over distant areas. This period is known as the Hellenistic period , which featured a combination of Greek , Middle Eastern and Indian culture . Alexander himself featured prominently in the history and myth of both Greek and non-Greek cultures. His exploits inspired a literary tradition in which he appeared as a legendary hero in the tradition of Achilles . Alexander fighting Persian king Darius III. From Alexander Mosaic, from Pompeii, Naples, Naples National Frequently Asked Questions How long until my order is shipped? Depending on the volume of sales, it may take up to 5 business days for shipment of your order after the receipt of payment. How will I know when the order was shipped? After your order has shipped, you will be left positive feedback, and that date should be used as a basis of estimating an arrival date. After you shipped the order, how long will the mail take? USPS First Class mail takes about 3-5 business days to arrive in the U.S., international shipping times cannot be estimated as they vary from country to country. I am not responsible for any USPS delivery delays, especially for an international package. What is a certificate of authenticity and what guarantees do you give that the item is authentic? Each of the items sold here, is provided with a Certificate of Authenticity, and a Lifetime Guarantee of Authenticity, issued by a world-renowned numismatic and antique expert that has identified over 10000 ancient coins and has provided them with the same guarantee. You will be quite happy with what you get with the COA; a professional presentation of the coin, with all of the relevant information and a picture of the coin you saw in the listing. Compared to other certification companies, the certificate of authenticity is a $25-50 value. So buy a coin today and own a piece of history, guaranteed. Is there a money back guarantee? I offer a 30 day unconditional money back guarantee. I stand behind my coins and would be willing to exchange your order for either store credit towards other coins, or refund, minus shipping expenses, within 30 days from the receipt of your order. 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